DAT machines running at 32 kHz sample rate transport the tape at 4.075 mm/s.ĭAT was not the first digital audio tape pulse-code modulation (PCM) was used in Japan by Denon in 1972 for the mastering and production of analogue phonograph records, using a 2-inch Quadruplex-format videotape recorder for its transport, but this was not developed into a consumer product. DAT machines running at 48 kHz and 44.1 kHz sample rates transport the tape at 8.15 mm/s.
DATs longer than 60 metres tend to be problematic in DAT recorders due to the thinner media. Two-channel stereo recording is supported under all sampling rates and bit depths, but the R-DAT standard does support 4-channel recording at 32 kHz.ĭATs are between 15 and 180 minutes in length, a 120-minute tape being 60 metres in length. Included in the signal data are subcodes to indicate the start and end of tracks or to skip a section entirely this allows for indexing and fast seeking. Since each recording standard uses the same tape, the quality of the sampling has a direct relation to the duration of the recording – 32 kHz at 12 bits will allow six hours of recording onto a three-hour tape while HHS will only give 90 minutes from the same tape. Some early machines aimed at the consumer market did not operate at 44.1 kHz when recording so they could not be used to 'clone' a compact disc. Certain recorders operate outside the specification, allowing recording at 96 kHz and 24 bits (HHS). The DAT standard allows for four sampling modes: 32 kHz at 12 bits, and 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz at 16 bits. Sony would later introduce another R-DAT format in the form of NT which was meant to replace the Microcassette and Mini-Cassette. While R-DAT would later be known as just "DAT", there would be a S-DAT media format that would be released later in the form of the Digital Compact Cassette. The S-DAT format had a simple mechanism similar to the Compact Cassette format but was difficult to develop a fixed recording head for high-density recording while the rotating head of the R-DAT had a proven track record in VCR formats like VHS & Betamax.
In 1983, a DAT meeting was established to unify the standards for recording digital audio on magnetic tape developed by each company and in 1985, two standards were created: R-DAT ( Rotating Digital Audio Tape) using a rotary head and S-DAT ( Stationary Digital Audio Tape) using a fixed head. This prevents DATs from being physically edited in the cut-and- splice manner of analog tapes, or open-reel digital tapes like ProDigi or DASH. The technology of DAT is closely based on video recorders, using a rotating head and helical scan to record data. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of sticky-shed syndrome has been noted by some engineers involved in re-mastering archival recordings on DAT, which presents a further threat to audio held exclusively in this medium. As Sony has ceased production of new recorders, it will become more difficult to play archived recordings in this format unless they are copied to other formats or hard drives.
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The format saw moderate success in professional markets and as a computer storage medium, which was developed into the Digital Data Storage format. Like most formats of videocassette, a DAT cassette may only be recorded and played in one direction, unlike an analog compact audio cassette, although many DAT recorders had the capability to record program numbers and IDs, which can be used to select an individual track like on a CD player.Īlthough intended as a replacement for analog audio compact cassettes, the format was never widely adopted by consumers because of its expense, as well as concerns from the music industry about unauthorized high-quality copies. If a comparable digital source is copied without returning to the analogue domain, then the DAT will produce an exact clone, unlike other digital media such as Digital Compact Cassette or non- Hi-MD MiniDisc, both of which use a lossy data reduction system. DAT can record at sampling rates equal to, as well as higher and lower than a CD (44.1, 48, or 32 kHz sampling rate respectively) at 16 bits quantization. The recording is digital rather than analog. In appearance it is similar to a Compact Cassette, using 3.81 mm / 0.15" (commonly referred to as 4 mm) magnetic tape enclosed in a protective shell, but is roughly half the size at 73 mm × 54 mm × 10.5 mm.
Up to 120 or 180 minutes (consumer tapes on non-LP mode)ĭigital Audio Tape ( DAT or R-DAT) is a signal recording and playback medium developed by Sony and introduced in 1987. A 90-minute DAT cartridge, with a AAA battery (LR03) for size comparison
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